Iyi ngingo yabanje kugaragara nkaho aWalmartinkuru.Walmartni intangiriro nziza, kuko birashoboka cyane - urubanza ruzwi.
Walmartyatangaje mu 2024 ko bazashyira ahagaragara ibirango bya elegitoroniki mu maduka ibihumbi bibiri mu 2026. Nyuma y’umuderevu muri Texas, bahisemo kujya munini. Ni iki Walmart ikoresha iyi sisitemu? Ibintu bibiri: Icya mbere, abakozi bahindura ibiciro binyuze muri porogaramu igendanwa - umurimo wafataga iminsi ibiri none ufata iminota mike. Icya kabiri, ibirango bimurika amatara kugirango afashe abakozi kubona vuba ibintu bikeneye gusubirana cyangwa gutora. Kuri supermarket icunga ibihumbi icumi bya SKUs, ibi byerekana amafaranga nyayo mubyunguka neza.
Ariko, Uburayi bumaze imyaka mirongo bubikora.Metromu Budage binjiye muri uyu mukino bagarutse hagati - 90s - birashoboka 1995, nubwo ibi bitaremezwa neza-mugihe sosiyete imwe yo muri Suwede yatsindiye amasezerano kububiko bwabo bwa Cash & Carry. Hafi yimyaka 30 mbere yibyo abantu benshi batekereza nk "ikoranabuhanga rishya."
Igihe rero abanyapolitiki b'Abanyamerika batangiye guhangayikishwa n "ibiciro byiyongera" mu mpeshyi ishize, Abanyaburayi bagize ibyo bintu ubuziraherezo kandi nta muntu wigeze yigaragambya mu mihanda kubera ibiciro by’umugati.
Ibindi kuri ayo makimbirane nyuma. Ubwa mbere, byinshi kubakoresha mubyukuri.
Abacuruzi bo muri Amerika
Krogeryatangiye kwipimisha mugihe kimwe cya 2018, birashoboka mbere gato, kandi yagutse mububiko magana ubu. Sisitemu yabo ifite izina ryiza - EDGE ikintu, kigereranya Kuzamura Kwerekana Ibidukikije by ibiribwa - kandi usibye kwerekana ibiciro, birashobora kwerekana amakuru yimirire, amatangazo yihariye, hamwe na coupons. Umuyobozi mukuru wabo icyo gihe yavuze ikintu gikomeye kijyanye no kubaka urusobe rwibinyabuzima rutagira ikinyabupfura rukoreshwa namakuru. Ikigaragara kuri Kroger nicyo basubije kubibazo "byiyongera" - "" Byumvikane neza, Kroger ntabwo yigeze akoresha ibiciro byiyongera. " Ayo ni amagambo akomeye, n'impamvu aya makimbirane arikibazo kitari - kizagurwa nyuma.
Amazone FreshnaIbiryo byuzuyenabo bafite, birumvikana. Amazon irashaka kugerageza buri muri - tekinoroji yububiko - ibirango bya elegitoronike yububiko ikora ubufatanye hamwe na cheque yabo ya Just Walk Out - sisitemu yubuntu.Kohl'syari mbere mbere, ayikoresha kuva nko muri 2015 cyangwa irenga, bituma aba umwe mubakiriye mbere muri AmerikaIntegoYatangiye no kohereza, nubwo imikoreshereze yabo itandukanye gato - bakoresha cyane software ya label ya elegitoronike kugirango babanze - imiterere yububiko bwububiko hamwe nuburyo bukurikirana, cyane nkigikoresho cyo gucunga neza.
Uburayi
Isoko ryiburayi ririmo imanza zituma abanyamerika boherezwa basa nkaho boroheje.
Ubudage
Ubudage birashoboka ko aribwo bukabije. UwitekaAldiabavandimwe barimo gukora ikintu cyadage cyane kano kanya - gukora imigati yemewe - hamwe nabaguzi benshi icyarimwe. Nibura abacuruzi batatu cyangwa bane barahatana, harimo iyo sosiyete yo muri koreya hamwe n’igifaransa. Kwimuka kwa kera: kuki uhitamo umucuruzi umwe mugihe ushobora gutuma bahangana?Aldi Südifite ibikoresho wenda ijana - ikintu kibika kugeza ubu, ariko biragaragara ko batihutiye kwiyemeza. Hagati aho hari urundi ruhererekane rw'Ubudage -Kaufland- gusohoka kugirango ubyare ibice mbere, naLidlyagiye byose - in hamwe numwe mubatanga iburayi binini.
Ariko inyangamugayo zifatika ziturukadm, urunigi rw'imiti. Umusore wabo wa IT yabivuze gusa - ikintu kijyanye nukuntu kwishura igishoro kinini bikomeje kuba ingorabahizi, niyo mpamvu bakomeje kugerageza. Byumvikane iyo ubitekereje - dm ikoresha ibiciro byagenwe, none nibiki byihuta? Ntabwo buri mucuruzi akeneye ibi.
Ubufaransa
Ubufaransa bufite akarusho murugo hano - umwe mubatanga ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nini ku isi batanga icyicaro gikuru. Hano hari aCarrefourikibazo gikwiye kwitonderwa: ububiko bwibitekerezo i Paris bwashyizeho ibirango ibihumbi nibihumbi, bihuza igishushanyo mbonera cyimijyi, ibiryo kama, na serivisi zaho byose hamwe. Abanyaburayi rwose bafite ubuhanga kurusha Abanyamerika iyo bigeze ku bicuruzwa.
Ubuholandi
Tuvuze ubuhanga -Albert Heijnmu Buholandi yazanye ikintu gishya rwose. Guhera mu 2023, bapimye AI - bayobowe na "dinamike yagabanutse": ibicuruzwa bihita bigabanuka kubiciro ukurikije itariki izarangiriraho - hafi yo kurangira, bikabije kugabanuka. Algorithm ireba ahantu, kuzamurwa, ikirere, kugurisha amateka, no kubara. Umuntu wo mumatsinda yabo arambye yavuze ikintu nkiki, supermarket zijugunya ibicuruzwa byinshi burimunsi, kandi batekereza ko aribyo byinshi. Niba ibi mubyukuri bishyira mu myanda y'ibiribwa, ibyo byonyine bifite ishingiro ikoranabuhanga.
Ubwongereza
Kubona amakuru meza mubwongereza biragoye kubibona. Ibikorwa bitatanye, ntakintu gitunganijwe.
Noruveje
Noruveje ikwiye kuvugwa ukundi nubwo. Imwe munganda nini yo guhunika - ops hari amakuru nyayo yerekana ko kunyurwa kwabakiriya byiyongereye nyuma yo gushiraho ibirango bya elegitoroniki, kubera ko abaguzi bakunda amakuru yibicuruzwa bisobanutse nibisobanuro bya allerge. Ibitunguranye - ibi birango byafashwe nkibikorwa byo gukina gusa, ariko ikigaragara nuko abakiriya babibona kandi bakabitaho. Abaguzi bo muri Noruveje basanzwe bamenyereye ibiciro byibiribwa bihinduka kenshi.
Ariko muri Kanama 2024, inkuru nini yasohotse muri Noruveje: ubuyobozi bwabo bwo guhatana bwakoresheje ihazabu nini ku munyururu munini w’ibiribwa kubera gusangira amakuru y’ibiciro mu buryo butemewe. Nubwo ryarimo "abahiga ibiciro" aho kuba ibirango bya elegitoroniki ubwabo, uru rubanza rwatanze impungenge ku nganda zose - niba ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku mucyo rikoreshejwe nabi, hari ingaruka ziterwa na antitrust.
Aziya
Ibibera muri Aziya ninkuru itandukanye rwose.
Ubuyapani
Birashoboka ko Ubuyapani aribwo buryo bushimishije. Guverinoma yashyizeho igihe ntarengwa: amaduka yorohereza agomba kugera kuri RFID yuzuye cyangwa ibimenyetso bya elegitoroniki byanditse muri 2025. Iminyururu nini rero -7-cumi na rimwe, FamilyMart- ntabwo bahisemo kurera, barimo gusunikwa. Niba bazakubita iyo ntego nikindi kibazo, ariko manda irahari.
Ubushinwa na Koreya
Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mubushinwa na koreya ntabwo bwari bwimbitse nkuko byakagombye. Ikizwi nuko badakurikiza - bakora gusa. Hano hari byibuze kimwe mubushinwa butanga isoko hamwe numunyakoreya umwe wabaye abakinnyi bakomeye kwisi. Amazina yabo agaragara mubufatanye butunguranye burigihe. Inguni ya koreya irashimishije kuko abaguzi babo basanzwe borohewe no kwishura kuri terefone kuburyo NFC - ibirango bifasha kumva bisanzwe. Ariko haribindi byinshi bibera muri aya masoko adafashwe hano.
Andi masoko
Kanada
Iminyururu mike nini yatangiye gutangira vuba, kandiSobeysyari umwe muri bo. Ntabwo ari byinshi byo kuvuga kuri Kanada. Biraba, ni binini, ariko ntakintu kirema cyane.
Australiya
Kurera abana birazamuka vuba muri Ositaraliya. Ariko nta bikorwa byihariye byo gushyira mubikorwa byagaragaye hano.
Abacuruzi bato
Hariho kandi urubanza ruto rukwiye kwitonderwa: amaduka y'ibiribwa i Brooklyn, New York. Nyirubwite yavuze ikintu nkiki, kuwa gatanu wambere mugitondo nyuma yo gushyiraho ibirango bya elegitoroniki, yinjiye mu iduka kandi ibiciro byo kwamamaza byari bimaze gukurikizwa igihe bafungura - nibwo yamenye ko aricyo cyemezo gikwiye. Rimwe na rimwe, icyerekezo cyububiko gito nukuri kuruta gusohora ibigo binini.
Suwede
Suwede ni hamwe mu hantu havukiye ikoranabuhanga - hariyo sosiyete yatangiye mu myaka ya za 90 ikavuga ko ari imwe mu zambere zinjije ibirango bya elegitoronike mu maduka.
Impaka za "Surge Igiciro"
Muri Kanama 2024, Abasenateri bo muri AmerikaElizabeth WarrennaBob Caseyyanditse ibaruwa iburira Kroger ko ibirango bya tekiniki bya elegitoronike bishobora kwemerera amaduka y'ibiribwa gushyira mu bikorwa "ibiciro bigenda neza," hamwe n’ibiciro byazamutse bitewe n’ikirere ndetse n’ikirere kugira ngo "bikure inyungu nyinshi." Bamwe mu banyapolitiki ba New York bakurikiranye kunengwa, babigereranya n’uburyo Uber izamuka ry’ibiciro.
Iyi mpungenge ifite ishingiro?
Abashakashatsi bo mumashuri abiri yubucuruzi - imwe yari UC San Diego - yasesenguye amakuru yavuye mububiko bunini bw’abacuruzi hirya no hino muri leta nyinshi. Umwanzuro: uburyo bwo guhindura ibiciro mbere na nyuma yo gukoresha ibirango bya elegitoroniki bya tekinike byari bimwe rwose. "Niba ibirango bya digitale byateje ibiciro byiyongera, wagira ngo uzabona ihinduka rikomeye ry’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro ... ariko ntitwabonye itandukaniro rifite ireme mbere na nyuma yo kwishyiriraho."
Kuki iduka ryibiryo ridashobora kugura igiciro nka Uber? Ibisobanuro by'abashakashatsi birasobanutse neza: "Bitandukanye na Uber cyangwa amahoteri, amaduka y'ibiryo ntabwo yinjiza amafaranga ku kintu cyihariye - binjiza amafaranga ku gitebo cyawe cyose kandi kirekire - ubudahemuka.
Undi mushakashatsi yabivuze yeruye ati: "Igitekerezo cy'uko amaduka azahindura ibiciro ku bicuruzwa ku giti cye kugira ngo akureho amafaranga 50 yiyongera ku bakiriya - ibyo ntibishoboka."
None se ibirango bya elegitoroniki bya tekinike bikora iki?Kugabanuka hafi ya - ibicuruzwa byarangiye (ibigereranyo byerekana ko ibiciro byingirakamaro ku byangirika bishobora kugabanya imyanda y'ibiribwa ku kintu nka 20%, nubwo ubukana bw’uwo mubare butazwi), kunoza ikirango - guhindura imikorere, kugabanya amakosa y’ibiciro (kugabanya itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibiciro by’ibiciro n’ibiciro bya scaneri), hamwe n’imicungire myiza y’ibarura. Ntabwo ari bibi cyane.
Kuki Amaduka menshi ataremerwa?
Igisubizo kigaragara niigiciro, ariko mubyukuri birangaye kuruta ibyo.
Ibirango ubwabyo bikora wenda $ 15 - 25 buri - imibare itandukanye ituruka ahantu hatandukanye-byumvikana neza kugeza imibare ikorewe mububiko hamwe na SKU ibihumbi icumi. Ariko icyo ntabwo aricyo kibazo nyacyo. Nibintu byose bikikije. Umuntu wakoraga kuri gahunda yicyitegererezo yavuze ko kwishyira hamwe kwa POS byonyine byatwaye amezi menshi kurenza uko byari byitezwe. Sisitemu yumurage, ibibazo byo guhuza amakuru, inzozi zisanzwe. Noneho haracyakenewe amarembo, amahugurwa y'abakozi, hamwe nigice cyigihe inkunga yumucuruzi iri mumwanya utandukanye.
Ariko dore ikibazo cyingenzi: hari iduka ryatanzwe rikeneye iki? Nkuko byavuzwe mbere hamwe na dm - Ububiko bw’ibiyobyabwenge by’Abadage, ibiciro byagenwe - kuki bihutira gushyiraho ikoranabuhanga ryihutisha ihinduka ry’ibiciro badakora? Ibitekerezo nkibi byaturutse kumurongo wo guhahira mukarere ka Midwest wafashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika. Umusore wabo wibiciro ahanini yavuze ko bahindura ibiciro rimwe mubyumweru, wenda kabiri mugihe cyibiruhuko, ntabwo Walmart. Ibarura rya ROI rikora gusa niba ivugurura kenshi riba.
Hariho kandi aInguni y'akaziko abantu batavuga byinshi, kandi ntibisobanutse neza. Mu masoko amwe - ibice byo mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba bwa Aziya, ahari Ubuhinde, ibice bya Afrika - umurimo uhendutse bihagije kuburyo impaka zo gutangiza zisenyuka. Kuki ukoresha imibare itandatu muburyo bwikoranabuhanga mugihe abantu bashobora kwishyurwa muguhindura impapuro? Amakuru meza aho neza neza ko iyo ngingo itabaho. Birashoboka ko bitandukanye cyane nigihugu, mumujyi ndetse.
Hanyuma hariho ibigucamo ibiceikibazo cyaje mugusoma kubyerekeye abatanga ibintu bitandukanye. Porotokole ntabwo isanzwe. Bamwe bakoresha RF, bamwe bakoresha NFC, haracyari infragre ireremba ahantu runaka. Niba rero umucuruzi akorera mu turere twinshi - hypermarkets mu gihugu kimwe, amaduka yorohereza mu kindi - barashobora kurangiza bafite sisitemu zitandukanye rwose zitavugana. Ibyo birashoboka ko ari ikintu kuri bamwe mubakinnyi bakomeye ku isi, nubwo ntamuntu wabyemeza kurutonde.
